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Sleep Apnea Diagnosis

Based on your signs and symptoms your family doctor or general practitioner will refer you to a sleep specialist for further evaluation. 


The sleep physician may do a physical examination to check for any abnormalities at the back of your throat and mouth and check your blood pressure. 


To further assess your symptoms, the physician may prescribe an overnight monitoring (sleep study) of your breathing and sleep patterns to detect if you have obstructive sleep apnea. Usually there are two sleep studies, the first to determine if you have obstructive sleep apnea, and second sleep study to determine a customized therapy plan geared to your specific condition.
 

After both sleep studies are done, the sleep physician will assess the results and provide you with a treatment plan that would be the most effective to treat your sleep apnea during your follow up.

Sleep Study
The overnight sleep studies are done at a ministry regulated sleep clinic, in a private room. Sleep technicians will be there to attach all necessary equipment, monitor and assist you. Microphones and video cameras will record your breathing and body movements. 


Polysomnography (Diagnostic) – At this overnight sleep study, you will be hooked up to equipment that monitors your heart, lung and brain activity, breathing patterns, arm and leg movements, and blood oxygen levels while you sleep. It will be a a full-night study, in which you're monitored all night. 

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  • This test will determine if you have obstructive sleep apnea and measure your AHI (apnea-hypopnea index) – this is the number of apneas (periods of no breathing) or hypopneas (abnormally slow or shallow breathing).  

  • In a split-night sleep study, you'll be monitored during the first half of the night with the equipment. And If you're diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea, the staff may wake you and give you continuous positive airway pressure (cpap) for the second half of the night.
     

Polysomnography (Titration) – This test can help your doctor adjust positive airway pressure therapy, if appropriate. The technician will calibrate your CPAP therapy pressure, and also fit you for a mask that is best suited for your condition. 


Home sleep apnea testing – Depending on your condition the physician may recommend a home sleep test (at home version of a polysomnography) to diagnosis obstructive sleep apnea. There may be a cost for this and is not covered by OHIP.

  • I think I have Sleep Apnea
    If you suspect that you have sleep apnea or any other sleep disorder, you should speak with your family physician. Your family physician will refer you to a sleep specialist who will most likely order a sleep study (polysomnogram) in a sleep lab. During a sleep study, your sleep will be monitored by sleep technologists. Some of the parameters recorded during the study are brainwaves, muscle tone, breathing efforts, the heart beat, body position, blood oxygen level and air flow at the nose and the mouth. All of this information will be interpreted by the sleep specialist and who will notify you of the findings. If the diagnosis of a sleep disorder is made, you will be advised by the sleep specialist of the available therapeutic options.
  • Is CPAP covered by my insurance?
    Third party (private) insurance policies will usually pay for at least a portion of the cost of CPAP equipment. Please check with your health insurance provider. In many provinces like Ontario, there maybe be government assistance available through the Assistive Devices Program (ADP). They may cover a portion of the cost. You can find out more information through https://www.ontario.ca/page/respiratory-equipment-and-supplies.
  • How often should I replace my CPAP supplies?
    For optimum performance and hygienic purposes replace every 6 months. Please note that the replacement intervals shown below are only guidelines. You should refer to your equipment’s operation manual(s) for manufacturers’ recommendations. NOTE: Most insurance providers will fund replacement CPAP masks and CPAP accessories at the intervals below. CPAP Mask - For an optimal mask seal and for hygienic reasons, replace every 6 months. CPAP Filters (Washable) - Replace every 4-6 months CPAP Filters (Disposable) - Replace every 2 months (when dirty or gray) CPAP Tubing - Replace yearly or earlier if broken or worn out. CPAP Machine - as required. Although many machines continue to operate with no issues, all CPAP machines have an intended service life of five (5) years. Check out out guide to CPAP cleaning and cleaning products.
  • How often should I clean my CPAP equipment and supplies?
    Please note that the cleaning intervals and methods lised below are only MINIMUM guidelines. You should refer to your equipment’s operation manual(s) for manufacturers’ cleaning instructions. CPAP Mask - Wash daily. Wash mask cushion with dish detergent and water. CPAP Filters (Washable) - Clean weekly by rinsing in water and by letting air dry. CPAP Tubing - Wash weekly in warm soapy water. Humidification Chamber (Water Container) - Wash weekly in warm water and dish detergent. Check out out guide to CPAP cleaning and cleaning products.
  • I wake up with a dry mouth, what can I do?"
    This is first and foremost a symptom of a lack of humidity in the air delivered to your CPAP mask. To add more humidity (moisture) to the CPAP air flow, you will have to increase your heated humidifier setting. If you do not know or remember how to adjust your humidifier setting, please contact your CPAP vendor or refer to your CPAP machine’s operation manual. If you have a dry mouth despite increasing your humidifier’s setting, it is possible that air is escaping from your mouth while you sleep. A chin strap or full face mask will usually solve this problem. Your CPAP vendor will be able to further advise you if this sounds like your situation. Check out our blog to learn more tips and ticks!
  • How often should my CPAP machine be adjusted?
    Unless you experience a significant weight gain or loss, the CPAP setting does not normally change. It is possible that your sleep specialist will want you to have follow up sleep studies to evaluate the effectiveness of your therapy. If this is the case, you will be notified by the sleep specialist if your CPAP prescription changes after a follow up sleep study. Some sleep specialists will perform follow up sleep studies only if sleep apnea symptoms return. If you feel as though your CPAP therapy is no longer effective, you are encouraged to contact your sleep specialist and to notify your CPAP vendor.

​Treatments:

  • I think I have Sleep Apnea
    If you suspect that you have sleep apnea or any other sleep disorder, you should speak with your family physician. Your family physician will refer you to a sleep specialist who will most likely order a sleep study (polysomnogram) in a sleep lab. During a sleep study, your sleep will be monitored by sleep technologists. Some of the parameters recorded during the study are brainwaves, muscle tone, breathing efforts, the heart beat, body position, blood oxygen level and air flow at the nose and the mouth. All of this information will be interpreted by the sleep specialist and who will notify you of the findings. If the diagnosis of a sleep disorder is made, you will be advised by the sleep specialist of the available therapeutic options.
  • Is CPAP covered by my insurance?
    Third party (private) insurance policies will usually pay for at least a portion of the cost of CPAP equipment. Please check with your health insurance provider. In many provinces like Ontario, there maybe be government assistance available through the Assistive Devices Program (ADP). They may cover a portion of the cost. You can find out more information through https://www.ontario.ca/page/respiratory-equipment-and-supplies.
  • How often should I replace my CPAP supplies?
    For optimum performance and hygienic purposes replace every 6 months. Please note that the replacement intervals shown below are only guidelines. You should refer to your equipment’s operation manual(s) for manufacturers’ recommendations. NOTE: Most insurance providers will fund replacement CPAP masks and CPAP accessories at the intervals below. CPAP Mask - For an optimal mask seal and for hygienic reasons, replace every 6 months. CPAP Filters (Washable) - Replace every 4-6 months CPAP Filters (Disposable) - Replace every 2 months (when dirty or gray) CPAP Tubing - Replace yearly or earlier if broken or worn out. CPAP Machine - as required. Although many machines continue to operate with no issues, all CPAP machines have an intended service life of five (5) years. Check out out guide to CPAP cleaning and cleaning products.
  • How often should I clean my CPAP equipment and supplies?
    Please note that the cleaning intervals and methods lised below are only MINIMUM guidelines. You should refer to your equipment’s operation manual(s) for manufacturers’ cleaning instructions. CPAP Mask - Wash daily. Wash mask cushion with dish detergent and water. CPAP Filters (Washable) - Clean weekly by rinsing in water and by letting air dry. CPAP Tubing - Wash weekly in warm soapy water. Humidification Chamber (Water Container) - Wash weekly in warm water and dish detergent. Check out out guide to CPAP cleaning and cleaning products.
  • I wake up with a dry mouth, what can I do?"
    This is first and foremost a symptom of a lack of humidity in the air delivered to your CPAP mask. To add more humidity (moisture) to the CPAP air flow, you will have to increase your heated humidifier setting. If you do not know or remember how to adjust your humidifier setting, please contact your CPAP vendor or refer to your CPAP machine’s operation manual. If you have a dry mouth despite increasing your humidifier’s setting, it is possible that air is escaping from your mouth while you sleep. A chin strap or full face mask will usually solve this problem. Your CPAP vendor will be able to further advise you if this sounds like your situation. Check out our blog to learn more tips and ticks!
  • How often should my CPAP machine be adjusted?
    Unless you experience a significant weight gain or loss, the CPAP setting does not normally change. It is possible that your sleep specialist will want you to have follow up sleep studies to evaluate the effectiveness of your therapy. If this is the case, you will be notified by the sleep specialist if your CPAP prescription changes after a follow up sleep study. Some sleep specialists will perform follow up sleep studies only if sleep apnea symptoms return. If you feel as though your CPAP therapy is no longer effective, you are encouraged to contact your sleep specialist and to notify your CPAP vendor.
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